In the process of production, elbow can be effectively divided into long radius thick wall elbow and short radius thick wall elbow. A long radius thick wall elbow has a radius of curvature equal to 1.5 times the outer diameter of the pipe, i.e., R=1.5D. A short radius thick wall elbow has a radius

How to use the elbowAnalysis of the main reasons for the decline in quality of elbows and methods of attention:1. In pure bending, under the action of external force M, the outer arm wall of its neutral layer is thinned by tensile stress &1, and the inner side is under compressive stress. The result

The "mystery" of stainless steel not rusting Michael L. Free, a metallurgical engineer at the University of Utah, provided an explanation for the "mystery" of stainless steel not rusting: the reason why stainless steel remains stainless or does not rust is due to the alloy elements and The chemical